Cataracts in dogs are a condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy. The gray spots that appear on a dog's eyes are caused by changes in the proteins called crystallins that make up the structure of the lens. The larger the area affected by these spots, the worse the vision. Over time, this can progress to blindness. Read on to find out more about Cataracts in dogs and how it can be treated.
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Different types of cataracts in dogs
Primary cataract
This variant of cataract is hereditary, which means that the disease is passed on to the puppies from sick parent animals. Primary cataracts are more common in some dog breeds than others. For example, more frequent occurrence is seen in breeds such as cocker spaniels and huskies. Dogs with primary cataracts are not recommended for breeding.
Secondary cataract
Secondary cataracts occur as a result of another disease. For example, as a result of a physical injury such as clawing from a cat, diabetes, glaucoma, eye inflammation or progressive retinal atrophy (PRA).
Relationship between cataracts and diabetes in dogs
Several dogs suffering from diabetes, also known as diabetics, can develop cataracts despite careful follow-up. The development of this condition can vary, some experience a rapid reduction of vision or even blindness. Other dogs may experience a more gradual development of cataracts, but may still end up blind. Some point out that poor regulation of insulin can increase the risk of developing cataracts, but even dogs with well-regulated insulin can be susceptible to this condition.
Surgery in dogs with diabetes and cataracts
Surgical intervention is recommended for dogs with diabetes that develop cataracts. These dogs are good candidates for surgery, and although cataract surgery always carries some risk of complications, the risk appears to be lower for dogs with diabetes compared to other cases.
Signs and symptoms of cataracts in dogs
Impaired and poor vision can severely impact a dog's quality of life, and unfortunately makes it difficult for the dog to communicate. A clear symptom of cataracts is that you can see that the eye is getting a kind of gray cast. Dogs may also experience impaired vision, especially in the dark. To detect if Fido's vision is getting worse, you can look for behavioral changes such as him becoming more easily startled when you come up behind him, crashing or bumping into things, or becoming restless in the dark.
It can often take up to several years from the time the gray spots first begin to appear until vision becomes significantly impaired.
Curious if dogs see the same colors as us humans? Read more here.
Treatment
In cases where cataracts result in significantly reduced vision or blindness, surgery may be necessary. This surgery involves removing the cloudy lens, which is then replaced with an artificial lens. Cataract surgery in dogs follows the same principles as human cataract surgery, but with some distinct differences. The risk of complications is somewhat higher, and the follow-up is more extensive for dogs. This is partly due to the fact that dogs have a larger and more reactive lens structure compared to humans.
Early treatment of cataracts in dogs
The prognosis is usually positive for younger dogs (under 8 years of age) and for dogs with diabetes, regardless of age. The risk of complications increases if the dog has had cataracts for a long time, and the lens begins to mature while the eye is already irritated. Therefore, it is important to seek treatment early, preferably while the retina still has some degree of visibility.
Eye examination at A-Vet
Eye lighting is a comprehensive eye examination of both the surroundings and surfaces of the eyes, as well as the structures inside the eyes. Here we will be able to reveal both cataracts and other disorders of the retina and the front part of the eye.
At A-Vet we have specialist expertise in eye surgery. Our ophthalmologist, Elisabeth Bjørnestad, has completed further training at the European School for Advanced Veterinary Studies and is specialized in this field. In addition, the clinic has invested in the necessary equipment that enables the performance of advanced surgeries. This includes a surgical microscope that is used in all eye procedures to ensure precise handling of tissue and instruments.
If you suspect that your dog has impaired vision or shows signs of other problems related to the eyes, you can easily book an appointment for an eye exam using the button below.
